Carbohydrates..

Carbohydrates are organic compounds that have the molecular formula (CH2O)n it is mostlu found in biological molecules.
It is the building block of many components of cell, structural components (cellulose and chitin). Their major roles in human body is to make sure that the immune system, fertilization, pathogensis, blood clotting and development goes on well. It is the main provider of energy for the body. Carbohydrates consists of monosaccharides (sugars) and polysaccharides.

The basic unit of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides and the more complex units are called polysaccharides. Poly simply means many  Basic sugars are classified in monosaccharides and this includes glucose, galactose and fructose. Glucose are the type sugar found most abundantly in the market (lollipops, white sugar, candies) and it is also called the blood sugar because it is the immediate source of energy for cellular respiration. Galactose is found in milk and Fructose sugar found in honey.

Disaccharides are actually two monosaccharides link together to form a new type of sugar such as sucrose (glucose+fructose), lactose (glucose+galactose) and maltose (glcose+glucose). Monosaccharides and Disaccharides are readily soluble in water.

Polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and cellulose. Starches are just repetitions of glucose molecules link together. It is insoluble in water and can act as storage for glucose. For example, plants convert excess glucose to starch and store them in leaves, tubers (roots) and fruits.

Glycogen is the type of polysaccharides animal stores in their body.When energy is needed glycogen is broken down back to glucose. (by a process known as glycogenolysis). This is very important for active person to get their energy to carry out their tasks, (athletes). This glycogen is mainly stored in muscle of our body and in the liver. Excessive storage of glycogen can increase the storage of fats.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide which forms almost all structural materials for plants.(wood, cotton are mainly cellulose). It is insoluble and thus very helpful for our digestion because it helps to carry out the remains of food out from our body. The remains of unabsorbed food will get toxic if it remains long in the intestine, (just imagine if the remains of meat stays for a few days inside!). So our intestine also need a cleaner to clean them. and cellulose and fibres are its sweeps.

Major source of carbohydrates are breads, rice, corn and other grainy food. Recent research though emphasised the eating of food made from whole grains such as oatmeal, whole-wheat bread and brown rice. Compared to processed white bread and white rice, this unprocessed (the bran still on) food such as wholewheat bread and brown rice are healthier to eat because they deliver the outer (bran) and inner (germ) layers along with energy-rich starch. The body can't digest whole grains as quickly as it can highly processed carbohydrates such as white flour. This keeps blood sugar and insulin levels from rising, then falling, too quickly. Better control of blood sugar and insulin can keep hunger at bay and may prevent the development of diabetes.